4.1. Measurement development and pilot test
We conducted a series of in-depth interviews with various experienced e-Learning learners to examine the validity of our research model. After that, we developed questionnaire items based on the previous literature and comments gathered from the interviews. Questionnaires were revised with help from experts (including academics and practitioners) with significant experiences in e-Learning. A 7-point Likert scale ranging from 1 as strongly disagree to 7 as strongly agree is used for the measurement.
A pretest for the reliability and validity of the instruments was conducted with five e-Learning experts, followed by a pilot test using 36 on-the-job MBA students who have experience with e-Learning. Some items were revised and deleted, according to the results from the pretest and pilot tests, to improve face and content validity, as well as reliability. The final version of the questionnaire is in Appendix A with its sources. Subjects who participated in the pilot test were excluded from the subsequent study.