Histological examination indicated the hepatic architectures in the control group was normal (Figure 3A). The liver of rats exposed to Cd (Figure 3B and 3C) showed degenerative changes like swollen hepatocytes with pale cytoplasm and condensed nuclear chromatins with pyknosis. Single cell necrosis (white arrow), marked by contracted cells detached from the others and densely hyperchromatic nuclear chromatins, together with sinusoidal (black arrow) widening was also observed in all animals with Cd treatment.