Learners’ wrong pronunciation accounts for the insertion of extra letters, such as and . This finding corroborates the suggestions of Abbott (1979) that “an ‘adequate' pronunciation is one which facilitates accurate spelling” (p. 175). In the data for this paper, consonants were inserted into words more often (80%) than vowels (20%), and furthermore, letters were inserted in the middle of a word (60%) more often than at the end (40%).