Abstract
Choice of law issues in marine pollution events engage federal admiralty/general maritime law, federal environmental legislation and the reserved powers of the states to protect their natural resources and economic welfare. Admiralty and general maritime law enjoyed center stage throughout the first two thirds of the last century. Federal marine pollution statutes were few and weak, and state initiatives were typically deemed preempted in all but the so-called “marine but local” cases. The equilibrium began to shift in favor of state police powers and federal environmental values in the mid-1960’s in consequence of the Supreme Court’s solicitude for the former, and Congressional passage of vigorous marine pollution states, principally the 1978 amendments to the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (OCSLA), and the post-Exxon Valdez Oil Pollution Act of 1990(OPA).