Conclusion:
Based on experimental results, apple pomace has shown to be the best feedstock
among our results for a second generation biofuels production process. This is based on its high 
initial level of background sugars which can be removed before hydrolysis and used as 
additional feedstock for the fermentation process. This is then added to the other sugar
products of the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction and fermented into cellulosic ethanol. 
Experimentation with cellulase enzymes has resulted in an increase in glucose 
concentration over time, but readings begin to fluctuate after several hours of operation.
Fluctuations and decreases in glucose concentration are thought to be the results of non-
competitive inhibition of glucose and cellobiose on the cellulase enzymes. The enzymes 
produced by Genencor have shown a higher conversion for our substrate than that of the 
Novozym cellulases. Further experimentation could help develop an understanding as to why 
this occurs. The addition of the enzyme β-glucosidase also drastically increases the production 
of glucose, as it hydrolyzes the cellobiose into the two respective monosaccharides desired by 
this process.
The rinsing of apple pomace is a crucial step in the production of glucose. It eliminates 
the background sugars which can be recovered, allowing for more efficient enzyme activity. 
This rinsing has a dual purpose; it removes the enzymatic inhibitors for better production and 
reaction rates, and the excess sugars rinsed off can be utilized for fermentation.