Historically, the use of ICT in transport and logistics started in the 1960s.
Typical examples are inventory management systems, transport routing, scheduling, also known as Distribution Requirement Planning, and billing systems
Since the 1970s, Material Requirements Planning (MRP) and Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP II) emerged in an attempt to integrate materials, labour and financial requirements into the system.
This then led to the development of Enterprise Resource Planning (4. ICT in multimodal transport ERP) system in the 1990s.
Parallel to the development of such enterprise-wide systems, the development of inter-organisational systems did not flourish until after the Internet being commercialised in 1995.
Prior to this, Electronic data interchange (EDI), had been dominating inter-organisational connections since 1960s.