As a final concluding reflection of this volume, it will also become apparent from the article contained within this volume that there is limited scope for governance beyond the state. Aside from the EU exception, it has proven difficult to create governance structures beyond the state. There is no comprehensive, integrated framework for the global or international governance of migration despite proposals to the contrary, it seems unlikely that one will emerge any time soon. Yet, there are international and regional multilateral frameworks that do seek to co-operate on aspects of migration. This is most obviously the case for the asylum and refugee system within which the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees has become a key actor. There are regional consultations too. The Colombo processes in South Asia