The WMS-LM II, DSC, and SCWT-I showed main effect of time, although there were no group × time interaction and main effect of group. In the post hoc analysis, the exercise group showed significant increase in the WMS-LM II score after 6 and 12 months compared to before intervention (P < 0.05) and the control group showed significant increase after 12 months compared to before intervention and after 6 months (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the groups at each timepoints