Scale construction and validation was conducted using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. We followed the two-step procedure recommended by Anderson and Gerbing (1988) and conducted two types of assessment: the measurement model assessment and the structural model assessment. In order to achieve appropriate levels of unidimensionality,
several items were ultimately excluded from the scales. Moreover, to assess the reliability of the latent variables, composite reliability values (rc) were calculated for each endogenous latent variable. Table 1 shows that all composite reliability values were clearly above the recommended level of .60 (Diamantopoulos and Siguaw 2000). A complementary measure to composite reliability is the average variance extracted (rv), which shows directly the amount of variance that is captured by the construct in relation to the variance due to measurement error. Again, Table 1 shows that all constructs exceeded the recommended level of .50 (Diamantopoulos and Siguaw 2000). A complete list of items in each of these scales (after the exclusion of the items needed to achieve unidimensionality as discussed above) and the scale measuring the acceptance of mobile marketing are presented in Appendix 1. The means, standard deviations, and correlations are presented in Appendix 2.