Mountain formation refers to the geological processes that underlie the
formation of mountains. These processes are associated with large-scale
movements of the earth's crust (plate tectonics). Mountain formation is
related to plate tectonics. Folding, faulting, volcanic activity, igneous
intrusion and metamorphism are all parts of the orogenic process of
mountain building. The understanding of specific landscape features in
terms of the underlying tectonic processes is called tectonic
geomorphology, and the study of geologically young or ongoing
processes is called neotectonics.