Coagulation as a pretreatment process focuses on the enhancement
of ultrafiltration performance, and ultrafiltration is known to be
different from conventional filtration technologies, so some classical
coagulation measures may not work well here. For instance, proper
dosage, the type of coagulants, and mixing conditions need to be
determined by transforming the view from optimized operation of
classical coagulation to that of coagulation/UFsystems. In terms ofwater
quality, the settling ability of the flocsmay not be as considerable as the
size for the membrane filtration; there should be a critical size or
sustainable size for the flocs to benefit subsequent ultrafiltration.