We estimate Equation 3 separately for each of the three
considered exporter countries (France, Italy and Spain),
within each NACE 4-digit industry, with varieties classi-
fied at the CN 8-digit level. Country-industry-specific
elasticities of substitution are taken from Broda and
Weinstein (2006), where they are available at the HS
3-digit level of disaggregation