Of all the language skills, it is widely acknowledged that vocabulary is a very
important part in English language learning, and as mentioned earlier in (Section 2.1)
that no one can communicate in any meaningful way without vocabulary. Bowen et
al. (1985, p. 322) and McCarthy (1990, p. iix) indicate that the single, biggest
20
component of any language course is vocabulary. This is consistent with Nation
(1990, p. 2) who affirms that learners also see vocabulary as being a very, if not
the most, important element in language learning. Learners feel that many of their
difficulties, in both receptive and productive language use, result from the lack of
vocabulary knowledge. However, many scholars in the fields of vocabulary
learning and teaching (e.g. Allen, 1983; Carter and McCarthy, 1988; Hedge, 2000;
Long and Richards, 1997; Maley, 1986; Richards, 1985; Zimmerman, 1997)
indicate that vocabulary has long been neglected in the language classroom.
Consequently, the main purpose of this section is to study and review the
importance of vocabulary in language learning so as to look at what we know
about English vocabulary as well as to reflect on how this has been applied in
language teaching and learning.
Words are the tools learners use to think, to express ideas and feelings, as
well as to explore and analyse the world around them. A limited vocabulary keeps
them from expressing their thoughts and feelings. On the other hand, a large, rich
vocabulary gives them the right words to use at the right time. Kitajima (2001, p.
470) affirms that without words that label objects, actions, and concepts, one
cannot express intended meanings. “The more words one is able to use correctly,
the better one will be able to express oneself easily and with self-confidence and
to understand the world one lives in” (Nandy 1994, p. 1).
There is no question that in a good language learning classroom, both
vocabulary and grammar are essential, but when compared vocabulary with
grammar, vocabulary is much more important and should receive more attention
than grammar. Allen (1983, p. 5) indicates that in the best classes, neither
21
grammar nor vocabulary is neglected, but vocabulary is more essential and should
be taught before grammar. Likewise, Flower (2000, p. 5) states, “Words are the most
important things students must learn. Grammar is important, but vocabulary is much
more important”. This is consistent with Lewis (1993, p. 115) who also views the
importance of vocabulary as the centre of language teaching and learning since
language consists of ‘grammaticalised lexis, not lexicalised grammar’ and ‘grammar,
as structure, is subordinate to lexis’. That is to say, these scholars see that the words
are preceded by the grammar. This confirms what we know from our own experience
that one can understand others even if they pronounce words badly, and make
grammatical mistakes, but without the mediation of words, any meaningful way of
communication is rather impossible. To be precise, vocabulary seems to be the key to
language learning, and thus, is accepted to be more important than grammar.
“Without grammar, very little can be conveyed; without vocabulary, nothing
can be conveyed” (Wilkins 1972, p. 111). This is consistent with Ellis (1994) who
affirms that lexical errors tend to obstruct comprehension more than grammatical
errors. Besides, Harmer (1991, p. 153) asserts that choosing words carefully in certain
situations is more
important than choosing grammatical structures because language
learners cannot use structures correctly if they do not have enough vocabulary
knowledge. This means that vocabulary is more important than grammar, and it is
vital for comprehension in language skill in any situation.
Regarding vocabulary in communication, it is apparent that vocabulary is
basic in learning to communicate effectively while listening, speaking, reading, and
writing. This is asserted by many scholars. For example, Lewis (1993, p. iii) views the
importance of vocabulary as being a basic for daily communication. He indicates that
22
if language learners do not recognise the meanings of the key words used by those
who address them, they will be unable to participate in the conversation, even if they
know the morphology and syntax. Krashen and Terrell (2000, p. 155) indicate that if
language learners wish to express some idea or ask for information, they must be able
to produce lexical items to convey their meaning. Besides, Richards’ preface in
Schmitt’s (2000, p. xi) “Vocabulary in Language Teaching” indicates that vocabulary
is central to communicative competence and to the acquisition of a second language.
Vocabulary and lexical items are at the core of learning and communication. No
amount of grammatical or other type of linguistic knowledge can be employed in
comm
Of all the language skills, it is widely acknowledged that vocabulary is a very important part in English language learning, and as mentioned earlier in (Section 2.1) that no one can communicate in any meaningful way without vocabulary. Bowen et al. (1985, p. 322) and McCarthy (1990, p. iix) indicate that the single, biggest 20 component of any language course is vocabulary. This is consistent with Nation (1990, p. 2) who affirms that learners also see vocabulary as being a very, if not the most, important element in language learning. Learners feel that many of their difficulties, in both receptive and productive language use, result from the lack of vocabulary knowledge. However, many scholars in the fields of vocabulary learning and teaching (e.g. Allen, 1983; Carter and McCarthy, 1988; Hedge, 2000; Long and Richards, 1997; Maley, 1986; Richards, 1985; Zimmerman, 1997) indicate that vocabulary has long been neglected in the language classroom. Consequently, the main purpose of this section is to study and review the importance of vocabulary in language learning so as to look at what we know about English vocabulary as well as to reflect on how this has been applied in language teaching and learning. Words are the tools learners use to think, to express ideas and feelings, as well as to explore and analyse the world around them. A limited vocabulary keeps them from expressing their thoughts and feelings. On the other hand, a large, rich คำศัพท์ให้คำที่ถูกใช้เวลาเหมาะสม Kitajima (2001, p 470) ยืนยันว่า ไม่ มีคำ ที่ติดฉลากวัตถุ การ กระทำ และแนวคิด หนึ่ง ไม่สามารถแสดงความหมายที่ตั้งใจไว้ "คำที่เพิ่มเติมคือสามารถใช้ได้อย่างถูกต้อง หนึ่งดีกว่าจะสามารถแสดงตัวได้ง่าย และ มีความมั่นใจ และ เข้าใจหนึ่งอาศัยอยู่ในโลก " (Nandy 1994, p. 1) มีคำถามว่าในห้องเรียนการเรียนรู้ภาษาดี ทั้งสอง คำศัพท์และไวยากรณ์มีความจำเป็น แต่เมื่อเปรียบเทียบคำศัพท์ด้วย ไวยากรณ์ คำศัพท์เป็นสิ่งสำคัญมาก และควรได้รับความสนใจมากขึ้น กว่าไวยากรณ์ อัลเลน (1983, p. 5) แสดงว่า ในชั้นเรียนที่ดีที่สุด ไม่ 21 ไวยากรณ์และคำศัพท์ไม่ถูกทอดทิ้ง แต่คำศัพท์เป็นสิ่งสำคัญมาก และควร มีสอนไวยากรณ์ก่อน ดอกไม้ (2000, p. 5) ทำนองเดียวกัน อเมริกา "คำมากที่สุด สิ่งสำคัญที่นักเรียนต้องเรียนรู้ ไวยากรณ์เป็นสิ่งสำคัญ แต่คำศัพท์มาก สำคัญ" นี่คือสอดคล้องกับ Lewis (1993, p. 115) ผู้ยัง การ ความสำคัญของคำศัพท์เป็นศูนย์กลางของภาษา เรียนตั้งแต่ ภาษาประกอบด้วย 'grammaticalised ดิค ไม่ lexicalised ไวยากรณ์' และ ' ไวยากรณ์ เป็นโครงสร้าง เป็นย่อยของดิค กล่าวคือ นักวิชาการเหล่านี้เห็นว่าคำ ที่ก่อนหน้าตามไวยากรณ์ นี้ยืนยันว่า เรารู้อะไรจากประสบการณ์ของเราเอง สามารถเข้าใจผู้อื่นแม้ว่าพวกเขาออกเสียงคำไม่ดี และทำให้ grammatical mistakes, but without the mediation of words, any meaningful way of communication is rather impossible. To be precise, vocabulary seems to be the key to language learning, and thus, is accepted to be more important than grammar. “Without grammar, very little can be conveyed; without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed” (Wilkins 1972, p. 111). This is consistent with Ellis (1994) who affirms that lexical errors tend to obstruct comprehension more than grammatical errors. Besides, Harmer (1991, p. 153) asserts that choosing words carefully in certain situations is more important than choosing grammatical structures because language learners cannot use structures correctly if they do not have enough vocabulary knowledge. This means that vocabulary is more important than grammar, and it is vital for comprehension in language skill in any situation. Regarding vocabulary in communication, it is apparent that vocabulary is basic in learning to communicate effectively while listening, speaking, reading, and writing. This is asserted by many scholars. For example, Lewis (1993, p. iii) views the importance of vocabulary as being a basic for daily communication. He indicates that 22 if language learners do not recognise the meanings of the key words used by those who address them, they will be unable to participate in the conversation, even if they know the morphology and syntax. Krashen and Terrell (2000, p. 155) indicate that if language learners wish to express some idea or ask for information, they must be able to produce lexical items to convey their meaning. Besides, Richards’ preface in Schmitt’s (2000, p. xi) “Vocabulary in Language Teaching” indicates that vocabulary is central to communicative competence and to the acquisition of a second language. Vocabulary and lexical items are at the core of learning and communication. No amount of grammatical or other type of linguistic knowledge can be employed in comm
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