Malaysia has represented as the fourth largest rubber
producer in the world after Thailand, Indonesia and India
[1,2]. The industry of rubber is one of the most important
industries in Malaysia and plays a vital role in the nation’s
economy. There are two types of processes in raw natural
rubber processing; the production of natural rubber latex
(NRL) concentrate and the Standard Malaysian Rubber
(SMR) [3]. However, it must be noted that the production
process of the rubber industry always leads to a large amount
of contaminated wastewater generated, as a result of large
quantity of water needed during processing. Untreated
effluents from rubber industries are usually associated with
malodour problem and contain a considerable amount of
contaminants and pollutants. Table 1 shows the typical
characteristics of effluents from rubber processing in
Malaysia. As the effluent consists of a complex mixture of
chemicals, high concentration of organic matters (major ions,
organic solvents, nutrients, etc.), suspended solids and
nitrogen, treatment of this wastewater under controlled
conditions is necessary in order to prevent the release of
harmful wastes to the environment. Stringent environmental
regulation for the control of rubber effluents is enforced in
Malaysia in which the wastewater treatment plant must
comply with the Environmental Quality (Industrial Effluents)
Regulations 2009 under standard A and standard B. Both
standards consist of discharge temperature, pH, biological
oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD),
suspended solids (SS) and other heavy metals, but with
different parameter limits, depending on the location of
discharge after treatment process.
Malaysia has represented as the fourth largest rubberproducer in the world after Thailand, Indonesia and India[1,2]. The industry of rubber is one of the most importantindustries in Malaysia and plays a vital role in the nation’seconomy. There are two types of processes in raw naturalrubber processing; the production of natural rubber latex(NRL) concentrate and the Standard Malaysian Rubber(SMR) [3]. However, it must be noted that the productionprocess of the rubber industry always leads to a large amountof contaminated wastewater generated, as a result of largequantity of water needed during processing. Untreatedeffluents from rubber industries are usually associated withmalodour problem and contain a considerable amount ofcontaminants and pollutants. Table 1 shows the typicalcharacteristics of effluents from rubber processing inMalaysia. As the effluent consists of a complex mixture ofchemicals, high concentration of organic matters (major ions,organic solvents, nutrients, etc.), suspended solids andnitrogen, treatment of this wastewater under controlledconditions is necessary in order to prevent the release ofharmful wastes to the environment. Stringent environmentalregulation for the control of rubber effluents is enforced inMalaysia in which the wastewater treatment plant mustcomply with the Environmental Quality (Industrial Effluents)Regulations 2009 under standard A and standard B. Bothมาตรฐานประกอบด้วยปล่อยอุณหภูมิ pH ชีวภาพอุปสงค์ออกซิเจน (BOD), ต้องการออกซิเจนทางเคมี (COD),ชั่วคราว (SS) ของแข็งและโลหะหนักอื่น ๆ แต่ข้อจำกัดของพารามิเตอร์ต่าง ๆ ขึ้นอยู่กับตำแหน่งของถ่ายหลังจากกระบวนการผลิต
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