Packaging that incorporates nanomaterials can respond to environmental conditions to self -repair or alert the consumer to contamination and/or the presence of pathogens (Baeumner 2004). Such packaging enhances information collection and product management in relation to environmental conditions relating to such factors as temperature and moisture during storage and distribution. In providing solutions for these problems, nanotechnologies can modify the permeation behaviour of foils, increasing barrier properties; for example, mechanical, thermal, chemical and microbial, improving mechanical and heat-resistance properties, developing active anti-microbic and anti-fungal surfaces and sensing as well as signalling microbiological and biochemical changes