Comparisons of study variables between groups at baseline
The mean scores of dependent variables in the experimental and control groups were compared with the independent t-test. Results showed that the values for PSE, PA and push-ups had no significant differences at baseline among the two groups (see Table 1). Therefore, a repeated measure ANOVA was used to test the hypotheses of differences in those outcome variables. The PSE, PA and push-up scores at baseline were controlled for covariate testing (ANCOVA).