In these senses, literacy is becoming defined as multilingual, polysemiotic,
and multimodal—features that have always been there, but that we simply ignored. We have now lost the early innocence of
describing texts in terms of language alone, and in relation to a single language at that. How to describe texts and genres in relation to these diverse languages, semiotic features, and modalities is being theorized by scholars (Kress, 2000).