• Significant lack of family communication
• Feelings of not belonging or not being good enough
• Physical or sexual abuse
• Fighting or violence between parents
• Problems with parents or blended families (step-parents, step or half-brothers or sisters)
• Problems with non-parental living situation (other relatives, foster care or group home)
• Parental alcohol or drug use
• Loss of parent due to divorce or death
• Parental financial difficulty
• Moving to a new area or school during adolescence
• Friend or peer influence
• Power of gangs