A significant finding of this review is the dearth of reserch on patient attiudes about ICD deactivation.The three studies that have been conducted indicate that patient want their ICDs to remain activated even at the end of life.But all studies were relatively small and poorly stratified.Kobza and Erne's finding were drawn from only six patient.Stewart and colleagues' study,although conducted in patients with heart failure,presented patients with hypothetical scenarios. The study by Goldstein an colleagues was conducted in participants with no significant comorbidities.People who have known terminal illness may view this issue differently.