within households (such as who may make use of the bicycle or whether the
undernourished individuals are females). Proxies are imperfect; for example,
nourishment does not capture micronutrient deficiencies. Sometimes a person
has to be labeled nondeprived if data are missing, so the numbers may understate
poverty somewhat. Education considers only inputs such as enrolling or
attending for five years, not outputs such as being able to read. And the choice
of basic assets is questionable; for example, even where a radio and a simple
bicycle are present, a woman may have just one dress and the children may
sleep on a rough concrete floor