Solar BasedInduction Heating System
M.E. (VLSI & Embedded System)
Hariprasad D.Dande
S. D. Markande
Professor, E & TC Department
NBN SSOE Ambegaon Pune, India.
NBN SSOE Ambegaon
hariprasaddande@gmail.com
sdmarkande@sinhgad.edu
Pune, India.
generation of heat, whereas solar energy is largely available
Abstract—Induction Heating system utilizes electricity for the
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
energy source for generation of heat. Combining solar energy with induction heat generation technique is the efficient solution for the heat generation application. The proposed system presents an effective control scheme incorporated in half bridge series resonance induction heating by using solar energy. Pulse width modulation technology is used for charging the battery from photovoltaic array. The simulation and implementation of system is done and presented in this paper.The experimental result of conventional solar heating and solar induction heating are compared. It shows that proposed system, improvises heating performance compared to conventional solar heating system
IndexTerms—Solar system, Half bridge topology, Solar cooker,
Induction heating, Embedded system tem with shows
I. INTRODUCTION
One of the most serious problems that we are witness is the increasing cost and scarcity of cooking gas. An alternate method is to use electricity for the purpose. But the extensive upsurge in the price of electricity and the lack of availability of large amount of electricity forces us to think about yet another alternative.On the other hand solar energy is the largely available source which we can use for cooking but this energy is not available 24 hours so it is not possible to use it in the night. So this energy has to be stored in the battery. This stored energy can be use to produce the electricity and further for induction heating.
Induction cooking is the highly efficient technique for the cooking purpose, when it combines with solar system it will provide the future solution for the cooking technology. Although solar based cooking may have high initial cost, but over a long term it is cost effective solution. Induction heating is a well known technique to produce very high temperature such as in melting steel. The technique requires high frequency current supply that enables to induce high frequency eddy current circulating in the target object.
In general, two methods are used to generate high frequency current namely hard switching and soft switching technique. Hard switching has disadvantage of the higher power frequency in the LC circuit and it produces positive cycle as switching losses in the switching devices. Using power MOSFET can solve this problem [6]. Soft switching or sometime called resonant technique reduce those switching losses. However, it requires devices with low on state power losses. So MOSFET is preferred for switching operation.
The most popular types of electric heating can be classified mainly into two types. First one is resistance heating and second one is induction heating. Resistance heating has the advantages of low cost and easy maintains but, the disadvantage is its low efficiency.Considering induction heating, an inverter topology supplies a high frequency current to an induction coil, producing an alternating magnetic field. If this field is applied to a ferromagnetic pan, it produces eddy currents, and magnetic hysteresis, which heat up the pan. Recently, domestic induction hobs have become increasingly popular owing to their specifications such as quick warming, energy saving and high efficiency [1]. Consequently, the research on induction cookers has attracted the attention of theory specialists and practical engineers. For increasing the efficiency andreducing the switching loss and power factor class E resonant inverter is used for the induction cooker, in which only single IGBT is used for reducing the cost
The effort to increase the efficiency and the energy saving during a cooking process using an induction hob has been mainly focused on providing to the pot the maximum power in the more efficient way [2], for instance, designing highly efficient resonant inverter topologies, modulation strategies, and inductors. By controlling the Pulse Width Modulation using micro controller the temperature of the induction is control
It is important to know that the heating efficiency of induction cooker is usually from 80% to 90% or above, which is significantly energy saving comparing to the gas burner. Furthermore, the electricity for the operation of the induction cooker can be generated by sustainable energies such as solar and wind. The domestic and commercial induction cooker systems are similar in the operation theory as well as the configuration. Using the maximum power point tracking algorithm [3] the system is used to charge the battery from solar panel and this energy can be used for generating the electricity for the induction cooker. The half bridge series resonant inverter[4] is the most employed topology due to its simplicity, its cost effectiveness, and the electrical requirements of its components. The resonant tank consists of the pan, the induction coil, and the resonance capacitor. Induction coil and pan coupling is modeled as a series connection of an inductor and a resistor, based on the analogy of a transformer. The inverter section is design for maximum efficiency and minimum switching losses which takes power
from solar panel. Power switching components such as
IV. ALGORITHM
MOSFETs and IGBTs [5], are used in high frequency resonant
inverters to reduced overall size and switching losses can be
reduced as well by means of soft switching technique.
Start
III. M ETHODOLOGY
Hardware Initialization
The primary input to the system is solar energy coming from the sun; it is received by the array of photovoltaic cell and
further converted into electric energy. System block diagram is shown in Fig 1.This electric energy is utilised to charge the rechargeable lead acid battery bank. The charging of the battery must be monitor and control to avoid the overcharging and to indicate the low voltage condition of the battery for that charge control unit is necessary. Pulse width modulation technology is used in solar charge control unit. The stored electric energy is in the DC voltage form is further converted into high frequency(kHz) AC voltage to generate electromagnetic field in the induction coil which generate the heat. MOSFET is used as switching device for generating the AC voltage. Temperature of the generated heat is control by the pulse width modulated signal given to the gate ofMOSFET throughthe controller. Front end is provided with keys to control and change the temperature of the induction cooker. Different LEDs are used at the front end for indicating the
Mode Control Module LED Display Module ADC Module
Key scan Module
SET Temp>Tem
battery as well as solar panel voltage conditions. Start PWM
Solar Panel
Battery
Temp> SET
Temp
Stop PWM Charge Control
Unit
End
PIC
Fig. 2 Algorithm for heat control
Microcontroller
Fig. 2 shows the algorithm for heat control of the system, it is explain below.
Feedback
Inverter &
Driver
Induction
Coil
PAN Fig. 1 System block diagram
? First it initialises the port of PIC controller PIC
18F4520
? Assign logic ‘1’ value as input and logic ‘0’ value as
output.
? Checking of the ADC bit for the battery, solar and
temperature sensor.
? Display the status of the battery and solar voltage by
LED.
? Display the temperature of the LCD.
? Checking of the push button status.
? Variation of the PWM signal as per push button
signal.
? Fan and buzzer control as per the temperature setting.
? Stop
V. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
thermocouple with ADC Chanel AN2 of the controller is simulated.LCD is interfaced with controller at the port B.
transformer. The electromagnetic field generated at primary
Induction cooker works on the same principle as that of the
Desired and actual temperatures are displayed on LCD.
induction coil produces same amount of the electromagnetic
field at the secondary side. The secondary side is the Display
ferromagnetic pan used for cooking.The conversion of the
KBD
User I/F
battery D.C. voltage into high frequency A.C. voltage is done
with the help of inverter section. The switching device
Buzzer
MOSFET IRF3210 is control by giving the pulse width
modulation signal coming from the controller. Half bridge
LED
series resonant topology is used for heat generation. The FAN
frequency of the topology is selected as 25 kHz for achieving
Temperature
maximum efficiency. The width of the signal is control
according to user requirement through push buttons. For the PIC 18F4520 Driver
Solar Panel protection of the controller section from high current power
section TLP250 isolator is used.
The controller section of induction cooker is the main Battery MFET IL
controlling element for the induction cooker. Various control
of the induction cooker from varying the temperature to
control for the cooling system (fan) is done by the controller. Power Supply Relay
F/B PLATE
Input to the controller is given through the front end keys and 5/12
output is display by using the LCD and LED indications. The
main function of the controller is to generate the PWM signal for controlling of the temperature as per requirement.
VI. HARDWARE DESIGN
Hardware of the system consist PIC 18F4520 controller.Implementation of the hardware is shown in Fig 3. As shown in fig battery voltage,
Solar BasedInduction Heating System M.E. (VLSI & Embedded System) Hariprasad D.Dande S. D. Markande Professor, E & TC Department NBN SSOE Ambegaon Pune, India. NBN SSOE Ambegaon hariprasaddande@gmail.com sdmarkande@sinhgad.edu Pune, India. generation of heat, whereas solar energy is largely available Abstract—Induction Heating system utilizes electricity for the II. LITERATURE SURVEY energy source for generation of heat. Combining solar energy with induction heat generation technique is the efficient solution for the heat generation application. The proposed system presents an effective control scheme incorporated in half bridge series resonance induction heating by using solar energy. Pulse width modulation technology is used for charging the battery from photovoltaic array. The simulation and implementation of system is done and presented in this paper.The experimental result of conventional solar heating and solar induction heating are compared. It shows that proposed system, improvises heating performance compared to conventional solar heating system IndexTerms—Solar system, Half bridge topology, Solar cooker, Induction heating, Embedded system tem with shows I. INTRODUCTION One of the most serious problems that we are witness is the increasing cost and scarcity of cooking gas. An alternate method is to use electricity for the purpose. But the extensive upsurge in the price of electricity and the lack of availability of large amount of electricity forces us to think about yet another alternative.On the other hand solar energy is the largely available source which we can use for cooking but this energy is not available 24 hours so it is not possible to use it in the night. So this energy has to be stored in the battery. This stored energy can be use to produce the electricity and further for induction heating. Induction cooking is the highly efficient technique for the cooking purpose, when it combines with solar system it will provide the future solution for the cooking technology. Although solar based cooking may have high initial cost, but over a long term it is cost effective solution. Induction heating is a well known technique to produce very high temperature such as in melting steel. The technique requires high frequency current supply that enables to induce high frequency eddy current circulating in the target object. In general, two methods are used to generate high frequency current namely hard switching and soft switching technique. Hard switching has disadvantage of the higher power frequency in the LC circuit and it produces positive cycle as switching losses in the switching devices. Using power MOSFET can solve this problem [6]. Soft switching or sometime called resonant technique reduce those switching losses. However, it requires devices with low on state power losses. So MOSFET is preferred for switching operation. The most popular types of electric heating can be classified mainly into two types. First one is resistance heating and second one is induction heating. Resistance heating has the advantages of low cost and easy maintains but, the disadvantage is its low efficiency.Considering induction heating, an inverter topology supplies a high frequency current to an induction coil, producing an alternating magnetic field. If this field is applied to a ferromagnetic pan, it produces eddy currents, and magnetic hysteresis, which heat up the pan. Recently, domestic induction hobs have become increasingly popular owing to their specifications such as quick warming, energy saving and high efficiency [1]. Consequently, the research on induction cookers has attracted the attention of theory specialists and practical engineers. For increasing the efficiency andreducing the switching loss and power factor class E resonant inverter is used for the induction cooker, in which only single IGBT is used for reducing the cost The effort to increase the efficiency and the energy saving during a cooking process using an induction hob has been mainly focused on providing to the pot the maximum power in the more efficient way [2], for instance, designing highly efficient resonant inverter topologies, modulation strategies, and inductors. By controlling the Pulse Width Modulation using micro controller the temperature of the induction is control It is important to know that the heating efficiency of induction cooker is usually from 80% to 90% or above, which is significantly energy saving comparing to the gas burner. Furthermore, the electricity for the operation of the induction cooker can be generated by sustainable energies such as solar and wind. The domestic and commercial induction cooker systems are similar in the operation theory as well as the configuration. Using the maximum power point tracking algorithm [3] the system is used to charge the battery from solar panel and this energy can be used for generating the electricity for the induction cooker. The half bridge series resonant inverter[4] is the most employed topology due to its simplicity, its cost effectiveness, and the electrical requirements of its components. The resonant tank consists of the pan, the induction coil, and the resonance capacitor. Induction coil and pan coupling is modeled as a series connection of an inductor and a resistor, based on the analogy of a transformer. The inverter section is design for maximum efficiency and minimum switching losses which takes power
from solar panel. Power switching components such as
IV. ALGORITHM
MOSFETs and IGBTs [5], are used in high frequency resonant
inverters to reduced overall size and switching losses can be
reduced as well by means of soft switching technique.
Start
III. M ETHODOLOGY
Hardware Initialization
The primary input to the system is solar energy coming from the sun; it is received by the array of photovoltaic cell and
further converted into electric energy. System block diagram is shown in Fig 1.This electric energy is utilised to charge the rechargeable lead acid battery bank. The charging of the battery must be monitor and control to avoid the overcharging and to indicate the low voltage condition of the battery for that charge control unit is necessary. Pulse width modulation technology is used in solar charge control unit. The stored electric energy is in the DC voltage form is further converted into high frequency(kHz) AC voltage to generate electromagnetic field in the induction coil which generate the heat. MOSFET is used as switching device for generating the AC voltage. Temperature of the generated heat is control by the pulse width modulated signal given to the gate ofMOSFET throughthe controller. Front end is provided with keys to control and change the temperature of the induction cooker. Different LEDs are used at the front end for indicating the
Mode Control Module LED Display Module ADC Module
Key scan Module
SET Temp>Tem
battery as well as solar panel voltage conditions. Start PWM
Solar Panel
Battery
Temp> SET
Temp
Stop PWM Charge Control
Unit
End
PIC
Fig. 2 Algorithm for heat control
Microcontroller
Fig. 2 shows the algorithm for heat control of the system, it is explain below.
Feedback
Inverter &
Driver
Induction
Coil
PAN Fig. 1 System block diagram
? First it initialises the port of PIC controller PIC
18F4520
? Assign logic ‘1’ value as input and logic ‘0’ value as
output.
? Checking of the ADC bit for the battery, solar and
temperature sensor.
? Display the status of the battery and solar voltage by
LED.
? Display the temperature of the LCD.
? Checking of the push button status.
? Variation of the PWM signal as per push button
signal.
? Fan and buzzer control as per the temperature setting.
? Stop
V. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
thermocouple with ADC Chanel AN2 of the controller is simulated.LCD is interfaced with controller at the port B.
transformer. The electromagnetic field generated at primary
Induction cooker works on the same principle as that of the
Desired and actual temperatures are displayed on LCD.
induction coil produces same amount of the electromagnetic
field at the secondary side. The secondary side is the Display
ferromagnetic pan used for cooking.The conversion of the
KBD
User I/F
battery D.C. voltage into high frequency A.C. voltage is done
with the help of inverter section. The switching device
Buzzer
MOSFET IRF3210 is control by giving the pulse width
modulation signal coming from the controller. Half bridge
LED
series resonant topology is used for heat generation. The FAN
frequency of the topology is selected as 25 kHz for achieving
Temperature
maximum efficiency. The width of the signal is control
according to user requirement through push buttons. For the PIC 18F4520 Driver
Solar Panel protection of the controller section from high current power
section TLP250 isolator is used.
The controller section of induction cooker is the main Battery MFET IL
controlling element for the induction cooker. Various control
of the induction cooker from varying the temperature to
control for the cooling system (fan) is done by the controller. Power Supply Relay
F/B PLATE
Input to the controller is given through the front end keys and 5/12
output is display by using the LCD and LED indications. The
main function of the controller is to generate the PWM signal for controlling of the temperature as per requirement.
VI. HARDWARE DESIGN
Hardware of the system consist PIC 18F4520 controller.Implementation of the hardware is shown in Fig 3. As shown in fig battery voltage,
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