1.4 Planning, Organizing, Leading, and Controlling
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Know the dimensions of the planning-organizing-leading-controlling (P-OL-C) framework.
2. Know the general inputs into each P-O-L-C dimension.
0. Principles of management
* Principles of management have long been categorized into the four major functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling (the P-O-L-C framework).
* Figure 1.7 The P-O-L-C Framework
1. Planning
* Planning is the function of management that involves setting objectives and determining a course of action for achieving those objectives.
* Strategic planning, Tactical planning, Operational planning
2. Organizing
* Organizing is the function of management that involves developing an organizational structure and allocating human resources to ensure the accomplishment of objectives.
3. Leading
* Leading involves the social and informal sources of influence that you use to inspire action taken by others
4. Controlling
* Controlling involves ensuring that performance does not deviate from standards. Controlling consists of three steps,
** establishing performance standards
** comparing actual performance against standards
** taking corrective action when necessary