Moreover, tag readability is much easier to achieve on top of a load when the RF waves have free space to travel through.
Even though ice is known to have a very small dielectric constant compared to water, bound water and diluted salts in frozen bread contribute to the elevation of the dielectric loss, consequently increasing RF absorption.
The findings of this research show how the food content can significantly jeopardize RFID readability at 915 MHz.
From those results, it can be suggested that RFID tags placed on top of a pallet have a higher chance to produce successful reads than those placed at the bottom of pallets, especially when the load height is well below the ceiling.
As a recommendation, pallets stalking should be no higher than the antenna location inside the container to create enough gap for wave propagation.
Further possible improvements could be for example, the addition of RF antennas inside the container, the use of a shorter container (6 m), or the use of other RF frequencies.