It may be unusual to find subjects with both high PA and high NA, but not impossible (see Lang et al., 1992). This affective state matches the arousal condition in Watson and Tellegen’s (1985) circumplex, and is characterized by feeling aroused, astonished, and surprised (Watson et al., 1999). We expect these individuals to be actively prone to employ different measures to accomplish their goals, either attempting to cooperate (due to its high PA) or competing (due to its high NA) with the other party: