Increasing N application did not significantly affect artemisinin content or yield (20). In Madagascar, a field crop with three plants/m2 that received 97 kg/ha of N increased dry leaf production from 2420 (control) to 4690 kg/ha, while the concentration of artemisinin dropped from 1.11 to 0.87%, but the increase in leaf production increased the artemisinin total yield from 27 to 41 kg/ha (21). Also, a mean 4.7 t/ha increase (19%) in total fresh plant biomass, cultivated in densities varying from 27.8 to 111.1 thousand plants/ha, was reported (22) with the addition of 67 kg/ha N, but the artemisinin concentration was not reported, and the total fresh plant biomass was reduced from 750 (at the lower density) to 275 g/plant (at the higher density). Boron deficiency inhibited flowering and decreased artemisinin concentration by approximately 50%, while a decrease of 25-30% in artemisinin concentration was reported for plants deficient in Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu (23)