diseases is not well established and requires further evaluation.
Secondly, we also found that those who were smokers were less
likely to have uncontrolled hypertension. This finding has been
similarly reported by other studies.57,58 In fact, a study in Singapore
identified cigarette smoking in males to be inversely related to SBP,
with a reduction of 1.3 mmHg in 1.1% of light smokers, 3.8 mmHg in
3.1% of moderate smokers, and 4.6 mmHg in 3.7% of heavy smokers
when these individuals were compared to non-smokers.59 The
complex relationship between BP levels and smoking has been
suggested to be due to the different response of BP to smoking
compounds that depends on the type of smoking, its duration, and
onset of BP increase. It is believed that chronic smokers tend to
have lower BP associated with loss in body weight, as well as the
depressant effects of long-term nicotine use