Conclusions
We are still at an early stage in the development of consistently effective probiotics for human application. Although the market for probiotic containing products shows a substantial increase in popularity recently, scientific approaches to establishing the functional benefits of probiotic foods are still a complicated case. Evidence from in vitro studies suggests beneficial effects, but considerable progress has not yet been made in both effects on host health and mechanisms of action. Also, whether specifically viable microorganisms are necessary for health benefits, needs clarification.
The typical poor growth of these probiotic species is highlighted, therefore investigation of bifidogenic- and growth factors, and efforts to establish optimum environmental conditions for their growth are critical, in addition to effects of the type of foods and storage conditions on microbial survival.
Criteria for the selection of effective microbial strains for a probiotic affect have to be established. New species and more specific strains of probiotic bacteria are constantly being identified. Genetic modifications are continuously applied to improve fermentation efficiency and shelf life of probiotic bacteria. However, the safety of these modified bacteria should be considered. Incorporation of AB-cultures into other food commodities such as cheese is promising and should be intensively investigated.
ConclusionsWe are still at an early stage in the development of consistently effective probiotics for human application. Although the market for probiotic containing products shows a substantial increase in popularity recently, scientific approaches to establishing the functional benefits of probiotic foods are still a complicated case. Evidence from in vitro studies suggests beneficial effects, but considerable progress has not yet been made in both effects on host health and mechanisms of action. Also, whether specifically viable microorganisms are necessary for health benefits, needs clarification.The typical poor growth of these probiotic species is highlighted, therefore investigation of bifidogenic- and growth factors, and efforts to establish optimum environmental conditions for their growth are critical, in addition to effects of the type of foods and storage conditions on microbial survival.Criteria for the selection of effective microbial strains for a probiotic affect have to be established. New species and more specific strains of probiotic bacteria are constantly being identified. Genetic modifications are continuously applied to improve fermentation efficiency and shelf life of probiotic bacteria. However, the safety of these modified bacteria should be considered. Incorporation of AB-cultures into other food commodities such as cheese is promising and should be intensively investigated.
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