Cylindrical samples of fruits and meat (ten samples each) were prepared using a slicer and a set of cork borers. The sample heating chambers were 0.0079 m (0.313 in.) in length and 0.0078 m (0.308 in.) in diameter. Samples may shrink and lose contact with the electrodes when ohmically heated to higher temperatures, hence, samples of the same diameter but fractionally longer compared to the sample chamber were prepared and sandwiched between the electrodes. A thermocouple was then inserted into the cell through the thermocouple port and each sample was heated to 140 °C using alternating current of 60 Hz and voltage between 15 and 20 V (field strength 19–25 V/cm). The temperature, voltage and current were measured continuously and recorded. All the meat samples used in this study were cut perpendicular to the muscle fibers, so that the fibers were oriented perpendicular to the electric field. Due to the difficulty in shaping separable fat to the chamber dimensions, conductivities were measured by packing as much fat as possible into the sample chamber.