The Indonesian government, including the National AIDS Commission, National Narcotic Board and Ministry of Health collaborates with international partners and local non-governmental organizations to implement harm reduction programs for IDUs since 2000 [8]. Community health centres (Puskesmas) and NGOs are providing harm reduction services, including distribution of clean needles and syringes through the Needle and Syringe Program (NSP) [9]. Peer educators provide bleach and information regarding HIV prevention and safe injecting practices. The methadone maintenance treatment program was initiated in 2003 by the WHO and the MOH at two pilot sites (Jakarta and Bali) and was scaled up to seven clinics serving approximately 1,000 clients by the end of 2006 [9]. A national prisons program was launched in 2005 by the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights with the aim of providing inmates with prevention, care and support services for tuberculosis and/or HIV [10]. However, drug use remains illegal in Indonesia resulting in challenges to implement the NSP.