Quite aside from the necessary invention of new data-bases, on which little real progress has been made in the part of fifteen years, there is the question of how we conceptualize polarization. If we measure it in some kind of monetary income terms, we face relatively well-known and long-considered, but not well-resolved, issue as to how to translate into monetary terms income that is not monetized but is nonetheless real. This is, however, the least of our problems. The bigger issue falls under the label of quality of life. For example, since there are more people in the world today, there is obviously less space per person. Less actual space? Surely. Less usable space? Possibly. How much space do people at polarized ends of the income distribution use, or have at their disposition, and how would we know? And what about trees? Do the world’s upper strata have more trees to look at and the world’s lower strata fewer than 500 years ago? Then there is the issue of health. If we all live on the average x years longer, but some of us live those x years at a level of health that permits good functioning and others are vegetating, this is a further polarization. The questions here are simultaneously technical (how to measure) and substantive (what to measure). They are knotty. They are also intellectually crucial in the debate with the still very much alive developmentalist perspective. Until we tackle convincingly the question of polarization, we cannot expect to become truly influential.