There has been little investigation,however, of variations in the timing of consuming food items served within a meal. Additionally, few studies have compared the effects of meal manipulations using fixed versus ad libitum consumption. Although using fixed amounts of food reduces variability in intake, imposed consumption differs from typical eating
conditions and may have consequences due to differences in demand characteristics or motivational factors (Rolls & McDermott,1991; Finkelstein & Fishbach, 2010).