Introduction
Allergic rhinitis is an allergic reaction that happens when your immune system overreacts to substances that you inhale, such as pollen.
The two types of allergic rhinitis are:
Seasonal allergic rhinitis (hay fever)
Perennial allergic rhinitis, which occurs year-round
Hay fever is caused by outdoor allergens. Perennial allergic rhinitis is caused by indoor allergens, such as dust mites, pet dander, and mold.
Symptoms of allergic rhinitis are similar to cold symptoms. But they are not caused by a virus the way a cold is. When you breathe in an allergen, your immune system springs into action. It releases substances known as IgEs into your nasal passages, along with inflammatory chemicals, such as histamines. Your eyes may itch or your nose and sinuses may become itchy and congested. Scientists aren't sure what causes your immune system to overreact to allergens.
Allergic rhinitis is common, affecting about 1 in 5 Americans. Seasonal allergic rhinitis is more common in children and adolescents. Most patients with allergic rhinitis have symptoms before age 20. Symptoms stay constant through early adulthood, but begin to improve during middle age and beyond. Symptoms can be mild or severe. Many people who have allergic rhinitis also have asthma.
Signs and Symptoms
Allergic rhinitis can cause many symptoms, including:
• Stuffy or runny nose
• Sneezing
• Post-nasal drip
• Red, itchy, watery eyes
• Swollen eyelids
• Itchy mouth, throat, ears, and face
• Sore throat
• Dry cough
• Headaches
• Facial pain or pressure
• Partial loss of hearing, smell, and taste
• Fatigue
• Dark circles under the eyes
Causes
The immune system is designed to fight harmful substances like bacteria and viruses. When you have allergic rhinitis, your immune system overreacts to harmless substances, like pollen, mold, and pet dander. This reaction is called an allergic reaction.
Seasonal allergic rhinitis is triggered by pollen and mold spores. Sources include:
• Ragweed in autumn -- the most common seasonal allergen
• Grass pollen in late spring and summer
• Tree pollen in spring
• Fungus, mold growing, on dead leaves -- common in summer and autumn
Year-round allergic rhinitis may be triggered by:
• Pet dander
• Dust and household mites
• Cockroaches
• Molds growing on wallpaper, house plants, carpeting, and upholstery
• Smoke
• Smog
An allergen is something that triggers an allergy. When a person with allergic rhinitis breathes in anallergen such as pollen, mold, animal dander, or dust, the body releases chemicals that cause allergy symptoms.
Hay fever involves an allergic reaction to pollen.
Plants that cause hay fever are trees, grasses, and weeds. Their pollen is carried by the wind. . (Flower pollen is carried by insects and does not cause hay fever.) Types of plants that cause hay fever vary from person to person and from area to area.
The amount of pollen in the air can affect whether hay fever symptoms develop.
• Hot, dry, windy days are more likely to have a lot of pollen in the air.
• On cool, damp, rainy days, most pollen is washed to the ground.
Hay fever and allergies often run in families. If both of your parents have hay fever or other allergies, you are likely to have hay fever and allergies, too. The chance is higher if your mother has allergies.
Risk Factors
• Family history of allergies
• Having other allergies, such as food allergies or eczema
• Exposure to secondhand cigarette smoke
• Male gender
Diagnosis
Your doctor will ask questions about your family and personal history of allergies.
• Do symptoms change depending on the time of day or the season?
• Do you have a pet?
• Have you made changes to your diet?
• Are you taking any medications?
Your doctor will do a physical exam and may also recommend a skin test to find out what you are allergic to. In a scratch test, for example, small amounts of suspected allergens are applied to the skin with a needle prick or scratch. If there is an allergy, the area will become swollen and red. Sometimes a blood test may be used to find out which allergens you react to.
With young children, it can help to watch what they do. For example, a child with allergic rhinitis may wiggle his nose and push it upward with the palm of the hand.
Prevention
The best way to control your symptoms is to avoid being exposed to the allergens that trigger them.
If you have hay fever, during days or seasons when airborne allergens are high:
• Stay indoors and close the windows.
• Use an air conditioner in your home and car.
• Avoid using fans that draw in air from outdoors.
• Don't hang laundry outside to dry.
• Bathe or shower and change your clothes after being outside.
• Use a HEPA air filter in your bedroom.
If you have year-round allergies:
• Cover your pillows and mattress with dust mite covers.
• Remove carpet and install tile or hardwood floors. Use area rugs and wash them often in very hot water.
• Use blinds instead of curtains.
• Keep pets out of the bedroom.
• Use a HEPA filter on your vacuum.
• Use an air purifier.
• Wash bedding and toys, such as stuffed animals, in very hot water once a week.
There is evidence to suggest that exposure to infections, farm animals, and even domestic pets (like cats and dogs) during infancy and early childhood may reduce the risk of developing allergic rhinitis later in life. One study even suggest that premature babies have a lower risk of allergic rhinitis because of earlier exposure to pathogens.
Lifestyle
Although you can't stay indoors during all pollen and ragweed seasons, avoiding peak exposure times can help. Use your air conditioner in your home and car, and wear a dust mask when working in the yard.
If you have year-round allergies:
• Get rid of carpets and upholstered furniture.
• Wash bedding every week in very hot water.
• Keep stuffed toys out of the bedroom.
• Cover pillows and beds with allergen-proof covers.
To reduce mold:
• Clean moldy surfaces. Mold is often found in air conditioners, humidifiers, dehumidifiers, swamp coolers, and refrigerator drip pans.
• Use a dehumidifier indoors to reduce humidity to less than 50%.
• Fix water leaks and clean up water damage immediately.
• Make sure kitchens, bathrooms, and crawl spaces have good ventilation. Installing exhaust fans can help. Vent laundry dryers to the outside.
• Put flooring in crawl spaces.
Other Considerations
Using some nasal decongestant sprays for long periods of time can make allergic rhinitis worse. Call your doctor if you develop severe symptoms, if treatment that helped before is no longer working, or if symptoms do not get better with treatment.. Poorly controlled allergic rhinitis may lead to sleep problems, learning problems, and lost productivity at work.
Pregnancy
If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, avoid:
• Decongestants, unless you ask your doctor
• Stinging nettle
• Chinese skullcap
• Butterbur (Petasites) extracts
• High doses of vitamin C
• Tinospora cordifolia
• Astragalus
Warnings and Precautions
Do not take stinging nettle without talking to your doctor first if you have diabetes or if you take blood pressure medication, anticoagulants (blood thinners), or diuretics (water pills).
Do not take tinospora cordifolia is you have diabetes or an autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis or Crohn's disease.
Do not take astragalus if you have an autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis or Crohn's disease. People who take lithium should not take astragalus.
Butterbur may interact with some medications that are processed by the liver. If you take any prescription medications, ask your doctor before taking butterbur.
Skullcap can make you sleepy and should be used with caution. Do not use skullcap with antihistamines that can make you drowsy.
Prognosis and Complications
You can treat symptoms of allergic rhinitis. But they will appear each time you are exposed to an allergen.
Although perennial allergic rhinitis is not a serious condition, it can interfere with your life. Depending on how severe your symptoms are, allergic rhinitis can cause you to miss school or work. Medication may cause drowsiness and other side effects. Your allergies could also trigger other conditions, such as eczema, asthma, sinusitis, and ear infection (otitis media). Seasonal allergies may get better as you get older.
Immunotherapy or allergy shots may cause uncomfortable side effects, such as hives and rash. Rarely, it may have dangerous side effects such as anaphylaxis. It usually works in about two-thirds of cases, and may require years of treatment.
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (often coexisting with allergic conjunctivitis) is a highly prevalent, chronic, inflammatory disease. Most cases are not extraordinary; however, they may result in significant impairment in quality of life of patients, as well as in economical damage for both health-care system and patients. This case report describes the experiences of a middle-aged woman with the illness, who managed to completely alleviate and prevent her symptoms, in terms of intensity and chronicity, by drinking natural lemon juice diluted with water. Lemon changed her life radically.
Introduction
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a highly prevalent, allergen-induced, upper-airway inflammatory disease, characterized by hyperreactive airway mucosa and episodes of symptom chronicity with periods of acute exacerbation . If AR is combined with conjunctivitis, the condition is termed allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC). AR may be perennial, which means that patients have symptoms year round to allergens that have no seasonal variation.
The prevalence of AR is a controversial issue, as published prevalence rates differ significantly. However, there is epidemiological evidence that the prevalence of AR is rising worldwide. This may derive from the recent increase in airborne pollution, in dust mite populations, as well as other agents, or even from th
IntroductionAllergic rhinitis is an allergic reaction that happens when your immune system overreacts to substances that you inhale, such as pollen.The two types of allergic rhinitis are:Seasonal allergic rhinitis (hay fever)Perennial allergic rhinitis, which occurs year-roundHay fever is caused by outdoor allergens. Perennial allergic rhinitis is caused by indoor allergens, such as dust mites, pet dander, and mold.Symptoms of allergic rhinitis are similar to cold symptoms. But they are not caused by a virus the way a cold is. When you breathe in an allergen, your immune system springs into action. It releases substances known as IgEs into your nasal passages, along with inflammatory chemicals, such as histamines. Your eyes may itch or your nose and sinuses may become itchy and congested. Scientists aren't sure what causes your immune system to overreact to allergens.Allergic rhinitis is common, affecting about 1 in 5 Americans. Seasonal allergic rhinitis is more common in children and adolescents. Most patients with allergic rhinitis have symptoms before age 20. Symptoms stay constant through early adulthood, but begin to improve during middle age and beyond. Symptoms can be mild or severe. Many people who have allergic rhinitis also have asthma.Signs and SymptomsAllergic rhinitis can cause many symptoms, including:• Stuffy or runny nose• Sneezing• Post-nasal drip• Red, itchy, watery eyes• Swollen eyelids• Itchy mouth, throat, ears, and face• Sore throat• Dry cough• Headaches• Facial pain or pressure• Partial loss of hearing, smell, and taste• Fatigue• Dark circles under the eyesCausesThe immune system is designed to fight harmful substances like bacteria and viruses. When you have allergic rhinitis, your immune system overreacts to harmless substances, like pollen, mold, and pet dander. This reaction is called an allergic reaction.Seasonal allergic rhinitis is triggered by pollen and mold spores. Sources include:• Ragweed in autumn -- the most common seasonal allergen• Grass pollen in late spring and summer• Tree pollen in spring• Fungus, mold growing, on dead leaves -- common in summer and autumnYear-round allergic rhinitis may be triggered by:• Pet dander• Dust and household mites• Cockroaches• Molds growing on wallpaper, house plants, carpeting, and upholstery• Smoke• SmogAn allergen is something that triggers an allergy. When a person with allergic rhinitis breathes in anallergen such as pollen, mold, animal dander, or dust, the body releases chemicals that cause allergy symptoms.Hay fever involves an allergic reaction to pollen.Plants that cause hay fever are trees, grasses, and weeds. Their pollen is carried by the wind. . (Flower pollen is carried by insects and does not cause hay fever.) Types of plants that cause hay fever vary from person to person and from area to area.
The amount of pollen in the air can affect whether hay fever symptoms develop.
• Hot, dry, windy days are more likely to have a lot of pollen in the air.
• On cool, damp, rainy days, most pollen is washed to the ground.
Hay fever and allergies often run in families. If both of your parents have hay fever or other allergies, you are likely to have hay fever and allergies, too. The chance is higher if your mother has allergies.
Risk Factors
• Family history of allergies
• Having other allergies, such as food allergies or eczema
• Exposure to secondhand cigarette smoke
• Male gender
Diagnosis
Your doctor will ask questions about your family and personal history of allergies.
• Do symptoms change depending on the time of day or the season?
• Do you have a pet?
• Have you made changes to your diet?
• Are you taking any medications?
Your doctor will do a physical exam and may also recommend a skin test to find out what you are allergic to. In a scratch test, for example, small amounts of suspected allergens are applied to the skin with a needle prick or scratch. If there is an allergy, the area will become swollen and red. Sometimes a blood test may be used to find out which allergens you react to.
With young children, it can help to watch what they do. For example, a child with allergic rhinitis may wiggle his nose and push it upward with the palm of the hand.
Prevention
The best way to control your symptoms is to avoid being exposed to the allergens that trigger them.
If you have hay fever, during days or seasons when airborne allergens are high:
• Stay indoors and close the windows.
• Use an air conditioner in your home and car.
• Avoid using fans that draw in air from outdoors.
• Don't hang laundry outside to dry.
• Bathe or shower and change your clothes after being outside.
• Use a HEPA air filter in your bedroom.
If you have year-round allergies:
• Cover your pillows and mattress with dust mite covers.
• Remove carpet and install tile or hardwood floors. Use area rugs and wash them often in very hot water.
• Use blinds instead of curtains.
• Keep pets out of the bedroom.
• Use a HEPA filter on your vacuum.
• Use an air purifier.
• Wash bedding and toys, such as stuffed animals, in very hot water once a week.
There is evidence to suggest that exposure to infections, farm animals, and even domestic pets (like cats and dogs) during infancy and early childhood may reduce the risk of developing allergic rhinitis later in life. One study even suggest that premature babies have a lower risk of allergic rhinitis because of earlier exposure to pathogens.
Lifestyle
Although you can't stay indoors during all pollen and ragweed seasons, avoiding peak exposure times can help. Use your air conditioner in your home and car, and wear a dust mask when working in the yard.
If you have year-round allergies:
• Get rid of carpets and upholstered furniture.
• Wash bedding every week in very hot water.
• Keep stuffed toys out of the bedroom.
• Cover pillows and beds with allergen-proof covers.
To reduce mold:
• Clean moldy surfaces. Mold is often found in air conditioners, humidifiers, dehumidifiers, swamp coolers, and refrigerator drip pans.
• Use a dehumidifier indoors to reduce humidity to less than 50%.
• Fix water leaks and clean up water damage immediately.
• Make sure kitchens, bathrooms, and crawl spaces have good ventilation. Installing exhaust fans can help. Vent laundry dryers to the outside.
• Put flooring in crawl spaces.
Other Considerations
Using some nasal decongestant sprays for long periods of time can make allergic rhinitis worse. Call your doctor if you develop severe symptoms, if treatment that helped before is no longer working, or if symptoms do not get better with treatment.. Poorly controlled allergic rhinitis may lead to sleep problems, learning problems, and lost productivity at work.
Pregnancy
If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, avoid:
• Decongestants, unless you ask your doctor
• Stinging nettle
• Chinese skullcap
• Butterbur (Petasites) extracts
• High doses of vitamin C
• Tinospora cordifolia
• Astragalus
Warnings and Precautions
Do not take stinging nettle without talking to your doctor first if you have diabetes or if you take blood pressure medication, anticoagulants (blood thinners), or diuretics (water pills).
Do not take tinospora cordifolia is you have diabetes or an autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis or Crohn's disease.
Do not take astragalus if you have an autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis or Crohn's disease. People who take lithium should not take astragalus.
Butterbur may interact with some medications that are processed by the liver. If you take any prescription medications, ask your doctor before taking butterbur.
Skullcap can make you sleepy and should be used with caution. Do not use skullcap with antihistamines that can make you drowsy.
Prognosis and Complications
You can treat symptoms of allergic rhinitis. But they will appear each time you are exposed to an allergen.
Although perennial allergic rhinitis is not a serious condition, it can interfere with your life. Depending on how severe your symptoms are, allergic rhinitis can cause you to miss school or work. Medication may cause drowsiness and other side effects. Your allergies could also trigger other conditions, such as eczema, asthma, sinusitis, and ear infection (otitis media). Seasonal allergies may get better as you get older.
Immunotherapy or allergy shots may cause uncomfortable side effects, such as hives and rash. Rarely, it may have dangerous side effects such as anaphylaxis. It usually works in about two-thirds of cases, and may require years of treatment.
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (often coexisting with allergic conjunctivitis) is a highly prevalent, chronic, inflammatory disease. Most cases are not extraordinary; however, they may result in significant impairment in quality of life of patients, as well as in economical damage for both health-care system and patients. This case report describes the experiences of a middle-aged woman with the illness, who managed to completely alleviate and prevent her symptoms, in terms of intensity and chronicity, by drinking natural lemon juice diluted with water. Lemon changed her life radically.
Introduction
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a highly prevalent, allergen-induced, upper-airway inflammatory disease, characterized by hyperreactive airway mucosa and episodes of symptom chronicity with periods of acute exacerbation . If AR is combined with conjunctivitis, the condition is termed allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (ARC). AR may be perennial, which means that patients have symptoms year round to allergens that have no seasonal variation.
The prevalence of AR is a controversial issue, as published prevalence rates differ significantly. However, there is epidemiological evidence that the prevalence of AR is rising worldwide. This may derive from the recent increase in airborne pollution, in dust mite populations, as well as other agents, or even from th
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
