There is a growing recognition that agriculture influences health and health influences agriculture; both in turn have profound implications for poverty reduction. This recognition suggests that opportunities exist for agriculture to contribute to better health and for health to contribute to agricultural productivity. To take advantage of these opportunities, it is crucial to understand the linkages between the two sectors, how these linkages operate, where opportunities for joint action lie, and what the main obstacles to such action are. Indeed, how can the agricultural and health sectors work more closely together to address food security, nutrition, and health? This chapter focuses on Asian developing countries and examines food consumption (dietary energy supplies) and the nutrition situation. It points out the agriculture–nutrition linkages, reviews dietary transition in selected Asian countries, discusses links of food and agriculture with healthy diets, suggests community- and societal-level strategies, and highlights some policy recommendations for consideration.