These researchers also portrayed a more conventional type of leadership that they labeled transactional. Such leaders appeal to subordinates' self-interest by establishing exchange relationships with them. Transactional leaders clarify subordinates' responsibilities, reward them for meeting objectives, and correct them for failing to meet objectives. Finally, transformational and transactional leadership are both contrasted with a laissez-faire style that is defined by an overall failure to take responsibility for managing. These three leadership styles—transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire—are typically assessed by the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ; Antonakis, Avolio, & Sivasubramaniam, 2003). This instrument represents transformational leadership by five subscales, transactional leadership by three subscales, and laissez-faire leadership by one scale (see Table 1). Leaders' behaviors are rated on these subscales by their organizational subordinates, peers, or superiors and sometimes by the leaders themselves.