Methodology – in-company research In-company research was carried out to understand how much employees perceived each success factor was present during the transformation program.Multiple sources of evidence including survey data,workshops and analysis of documentation were used in developing this case study (Eisenhardt, 1989), which was conducted using an agreed case study protocol. In addition two of the authors Bayliss and Grant were employed in the company occupying roles aimed at assessing the effective-ness of this change program.The main method was a survey as it allowed for the collection of a large amount of data from a sizeable popula-tion in a relatively short timescale. A postal questionnaire was designed to establish whether the top 9 factors were present and it was administered to a cross-section of the staff at the Base. Sampling was chosen as it was not possi-ble to survey the entire workforce, due to resource and time constraints. The researchers wanted to establish if differ-ent views existed across the company. In order to be able to compare and contrast opinion from different employee categories it was considered appropriate to use a strati-fied sampling technique. Table 4 shows the sample frame broken down by management grade.The sampling technique used for this study is probabil-ity sampling whereby the probability of each case being selected from the population is known and is usually equal in most cases (Saunders et al., 2007). Out of a sample size of 345, 210 surveys were returned, giving a total response rate of 61%. The active response rate, once any invalid responses were removed was 60%. The data was input into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analysis conducted using a mixture of Excel and Minitab.In addition to the survey, and to build a richer picture of this case, 20 workshops were held during the researchperiod, attended by 250 middle and senior managers. Theseworkshops were carried out as part of a training part-nership agreement between the University of StrathclydeBusiness School and BIG. The overall purpose of the seworkshops was to up-skill the management population in performance management and measurement tools and techniques – specifically Strategy Mapping and Balanced Scorecard approaches.One section of these workshops was devoted to the anal-ysis of the implementation of the Balanced Scorecard at theFaslane facility. The format of this analysis included pre-sentati on of the Faslane case by the Business ImprovementDirect or who then led a discussion session where work-shop attendees were invited to comment and discuss theirviews on all aspects of the change program. This discus-sion was observed by academics and notes were taken.This activity was included within the workshops for tworeasons; firstly, from an industrial perspective, the objec-tive was to determine how best to use the experience ofthe Faslane implementation to facilitate roll-out of this methodology in other parts of the company; and secondly,from an academic perspective, the objective was to analyse the ramifications of this case study for the wider debates on performance measurement.