Equally, every respondent from both the Karen and Hmong shared the opinion (mean >4.5) that demands were higher for female labour and by working with ETAs has given them more confidence and allowed them to be more open and to work more easily with other nontribal people. Both groups also recognised that while their income increased so did their expenditures. They were also inclined to agree that they have changed themselves to become more ‘Thai’ like as a result of working with ETAs.