Consultation with a Process Authority is recommended to help navigate the regulatory requirements for specific food products. However, with the advent of more stringent food safety legislation initiated by the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA), validation of HPP used as a killstep is required in order to make sure that the HPP treatment is in fact at a level of effectiveness to ensure food safety. In the case of HPP, this means that a specific pressure and hold time can be tied to a specific level of reduction of vegetative cells of pathogenic organisms. Specified “critical processing parameters” for HPP treatment of foods by the regulatory agencies include the following