(2007) found that nematodes negatively influenced grasshoppers
while the presence of root herbivores negated any effects on
grasshoppers via changes in plant biomass. Root herbivores and
nematodes, together and alone, have been shown to increase
aphid and aphid parasitoid abundances, while only root herbivores
influenced pollinator visitation in wild mustard (Poveda
et al., 2005).