2.2. Participants and setting
A cross sectional study design was used and the study was
conducted in the antenatal clinic of Hospital Pulau Pinang,
Malaysia. This is the largest tertiary care public hospital in
Penang state . The study was conducted from June to
December 2013. A total 188 eligible patients were invited and
out of which 175 agreed to take part in the study. Inclusion
criteria were; patients diagnosed with diabetes during pregnancy,
age above 18 years, can read and understand Malaysian
Language (Bahasa Melayu) and diagnosed with GDM at least 4
weeks prior to enrolment. Patient information sheet was given
to all the patients who met inclusion criteria.