Ketamine is an intravenous anesthetic with analgesic
properties used postoperatively in subanesthetic
doses to provide analgesic effects (Subramaniam,
Subramaniam, & Steinbrook, 2004). Ketamine is
a N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist.
NMDA receptor antagonists are a class of anesthetics
that inhibit the action of NMDA receptor