Primary concerns associated with wastewater reuse include the buildup of contaminants and salts in soils (in the case of wastewater irrigation) and the possibility that incomplete removal of chemical or microbiological hazards during
treatment may cause disease in an exposed population (6). Disease risk can be evaluated on a case-by-case basis using a statistical framework, such as quantitative microbial risk assessment,that predicts a population’s disease burden, given
the types and concentrations of pathogens that are likely to be present in the water, as well as particular exposure scenarios (33).