Hemodynamic support – Immediate pressure and
inotropic supports should be started. Using invasive
hemodynamic monitoring allows a more rapid and efficient
drug adjustment, in order to achieve the best result with
minimum side effects.
Mechanical circulatory support – It should be used
early, in case of hemodynamic instability, despite adequate
pharmacological support. IABP and centrifugal pumps with
continuous flow are still the most used devices in this
situation.
Thrombolytic agents – The effect of thrombolysis on
cardiogenic shock still needs to be better evaluated.
However, the more frequent use of thrombolytic agents has
brought about a reduction in the incidence of this severe
complication of myocardial infarction. Thrombolysis
should be used when there is no possibility of using other
invasive therapeutic resources.
Cardiac catheterization - It should be performed early,
still in the first hours of AMI, allowing the use of another
eventual invasive therapeutic intervention, if required.
Coronary angioplasty or revascularization surgery
- There is still no consensus on which procedure is
more suitable. Therefore, the choice should be based
Arq Bras Cardiol
volume 72, (nº 4), 1999
Knobel E
Cardiogenic shock
421
upon the particular case and technical availability. It is
convenient to emphasize that these are the only procedures
already shown to change the natural history of cardiogenic
shock.
Heart transplantation - This is an exceptional procedure
reserved for refractory shocks. The selection of a particular
patient as a heart transplant recipient involves other
considerations.
Hemodynamic support – Immediate pressure andinotropic supports should be started. Using invasivehemodynamic monitoring allows a more rapid and efficientdrug adjustment, in order to achieve the best result withminimum side effects.Mechanical circulatory support – It should be usedearly, in case of hemodynamic instability, despite adequatepharmacological support. IABP and centrifugal pumps withcontinuous flow are still the most used devices in thissituation.Thrombolytic agents – The effect of thrombolysis oncardiogenic shock still needs to be better evaluated.However, the more frequent use of thrombolytic agents hasbrought about a reduction in the incidence of this severecomplication of myocardial infarction. Thrombolysisshould be used when there is no possibility of using otherinvasive therapeutic resources.Cardiac catheterization - It should be performed early,still in the first hours of AMI, allowing the use of anothereventual invasive therapeutic intervention, if required.Coronary angioplasty or revascularization surgery- There is still no consensus on which procedure ismore suitable. Therefore, the choice should be basedArq Bras Cardiolvolume 72, (nº 4), 1999Knobel ECardiogenic shock421upon the particular case and technical availability. It isconvenient to emphasize that these are the only proceduresalready shown to change the natural history of cardiogenicshock.Heart transplantation - This is an exceptional procedurereserved for refractory shocks. The selection of a particularpatient as a heart transplant recipient involves otherconsiderations.
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