The actions of IGF1 are mediated through IGF1 receptors
(IGF1R), located on the cell membrane of the different developmental
stages and mature spermatozoa. IGF1R are located in the
acrosomal region. IGF1 mediates the action via autocrine/paracrine
mechanisms and in site-specific manner. Cryopreservation induces
structural and functional damage in the sperms.