selection. This new understanding of fungal genetics would help researchers understand the types of fungi that are most likely to develop resistance to antifungal agents.
The overall resistance in Candida spp. to fluconazole and voriconazole is considered to be around 3-6% and level of resistance has remained constant over a decade13. However, a recent report from India revealed panazole resistance in ~10% of Candida species14. Triazole resistance in A. fumigatus is increasingly being recognized and up to 6% of clinical isolates were found to be resistant to triazole in the United Kingdom and the Netherlands15, 16. In contrast to azoles, echinocandin resistance does not seem to be the major cause of concern, as global surveillance studies indicate that there has not been any significant epidemiological shift in the susceptibility of Candida spp. isolates to echinocandins17. However, since 2005 there have been multiple case reports of breakthrough infections after echinocandin therapy in patients with AIDS or acute myeloid leukaemia9, 18. The prevalence of flucytosine resistance in yeast remains low (