To assess the global distribution of bread products based on sensory texture properties and instrumental measurements, PCA was performed on these data, separately. The PCA score plot of data from the DA (Fig. 2a) illustrates a huge variation between bread products based on the sensory texture attributes shown in the PCA loading plot (Fig. 2b). PC1, describing 62% of the total variation, accounted for most of the variation, representing mainly differ- ences related to type of cassava flour and addition of dietary fibers. PC2 described 18% of the total variation, representing differences in the quantity of added cassava flour (Fig. 2a). Bread made from wheat flour with added fiber (14 and 16) was characterized by a high degree of lumpiness, adhesiveness and toughness, and similar bread samples made with 30% cassava flour (15 and 17) and bread made with 50% cassava flour (5 and 10) were evaluated to be the hardest samples (Fig. 2a and b). Controls (1 and 6) and bread made with PD (12) were characterized as being drier and more breakable and negatively correlated with adhesiveness, lumpiness and toughness along PC2. Generally, bread made with Mogo (7e10) was drier and more breakable than samples made with similar quan- tities of FdM (2e5).
PCA was also performed on results from instrumental mea- surements (Fig. 2c and d). PC1 and PC2 explain 71% and 14% of the variance, respectively. PC1 was spanned by the bread products made with PD (12) and PA (13) in one end and products made wit