A PPP project differs from an investment project in the following way: governments carry out different functions under the partnership that largely determines the success of the project. They partially fund infrastructure projects, provide the institutional environment for the project implementation and organizational structure, and reduce risks by guaranteeing repayment of the loan both directly and indirectly. However, some authors have noted there is a danger that the state guarantees conceal the financing costs In practice, the state depending on the socio-economic significance of the project uses financial instruments in various combinations. As a result, it manages to soften and neutralize many risks, including commercial risks