The influence of flavor oil composition, cosolvents (glycerol and propylene glycol), and cosurfactant (lysolecithin)
on the formation and stability of lemon oil nanoemulsions stabilized by sucrose monoesters was
examined. At ambient temperature, nanoemulsions containing 1-, 3-, and 5-fold lemon oils were stable to
droplet growth, whereas those containing 10-fold lemon oil were unstable. For 10-fold lemon oil nanoemulsions,
the droplet growth rate increased with increasing temperature, cosolvent addition, and
decreasing lysolecithin concentration, which was attributed to the influence of these factors on the phase
inversion temperature. Clear nanoemulsions could be formulated that maintained small mean particle
diameters (d 81 nm) during storage at ambient temperature for 1 month. The information generated
in this study is useful for designing stable flavor nanoemulsions for applications in functional foods
and beverages.