As phage display selection is amenable to automation,high-throughput screening of selected populations has become possible. With appropriate equipment,antibodies to hundreds of different antigens,all appropriately tagged for detection,immobilization or purification, can be selected simultaneously. This has clear applications in functional genomics and proteomics research, not in the least to obtain binding sites specific for the many gene and protein products that need to be characterized in this field. Furthermore, the availability of large collections of recombinant antibodies will aid the development of antibody-based chips and arrays, opening up many new applications for display-derived binding-site libraries.