A volume of 0.5 m3 wastewater was induced intermittently
into every IVCW unit per day to yield a hydraulic loading rate
of 250 mm/d, and the theoretical hydraulic retention time (HRT)
was 1.2 d. The mean contaminant concentrations of the wastewater
feeding into the IVCW units were similar to the typical values of
medium-strength domestic wastewater given