Russian power was The third major element in the internal discipline and absolute Stalin's renewed emphasis upon the due to his increasing conformism of this was to reinforce his own paranoia a carefully calculated set of moves hard to say; but the dictatorial a of both-is connections was events spoke for themselves." Anyone with foreign of the state suspect; returning prisoners-of-war were shot; the creation led to of Israel, and thus an alternative source of Jewish loyalties, renewed anti-Semitic measures within Russia. The army leadership was cut down to size, with the respected Marshal Zhukov being as commander of the Soviet ground forces in 1946. Discipline within the party itself, and admission to the same, was tightened; in 1948, the entire party leadership of Leningrad (which Stalin always disliked) was purged. Censorship was intensified, not over literature and the creative arts, but also over the natural sciences, biology, linguistics. This overall "tightening" of the system naturally fitted in with the reasserted collectivization of agriculture mentioned earlier, and with the rise of Cold War tensions, It was also natural that a similar process of ideological stiffening and totalitarian controls should take place in the Soviet-dominated states of eastern Europe, where the elimination of rival parties, the holdings of show trials, the drive against individual rights and properties, became the order of the day. All this, and in particular the elimination of democ racy in Poland and (in 1948) in Czechoslovakia, led to a considerable ebbing of western enthusiasm for the Soviet Again, it is and whether these measures were all calculated-there was, ls, a crude logic in the Soviet elite's desire to as as its own from the ideas and riches of the West-or whether paranoia as his end approached it simply reflected there would be one massive stretch of and in Whatever the cause, of any "Pax totally immune from the influences